https://www.vertica.com/docs/9.2.x/HTML/Content/Authoring/SQLReferenceManual/Functions/VerticaFunctions/ANALYZE_STATISTICS.htm

```Collects and aggregates data samples and storage information from all nodes that store projections associated with the specified table. By default, Vertica analyzes multiple columns in a single-query execution plan, depending on resource limits. Such multi-column analysis facilitates the following objectives:

• Reduce plan execution latency.
• Speed up analysis of relatively small tables with many columns.

Vertica writes statistics to the database catalog. The query optimizer uses this collected data to create query plans. Without this data, the query optimizer assumes uniform distribution of data values and equal storage usage for all projections.```

In short it optimizes your query performance, especially if you use this table in a later stage of your transformations.